Based on FBI crime data, Pecos is not one of the safest communities in America. The FBI's Crime Data Explorer (CDE) aims to provide transparency, create easier access, and expand awareness of criminal, and noncriminal, law enforcement data sharing; improve accountability for law enforcement; and provide a foundation to help shape public policy with the result of a safer nation. Also, we have limited our nationwide analysis to communities with a population of at least 10,000 to avoid unfairly skewing crime rate data. Reporting rates can vary significantly from year to year, creating the appearance of trends that may not actually exist. In San Francisco, for example, reported incidents of shoplifting doubled for one month last year after one Target store implemented a new security system that automatically reported thefts to the police. Nearly 40% of all law enforcement agencies including in the nation's two largest cities failed to submit any data to the feds, who reported that violent crimes ticked down by about 1%. Officer Survival Spotlight: What Is a Safe Distance? Criminal Justice Information Services Division, FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. For years, the FBIs UCR Program has provided annual snapshots of nationwide crime. Nationwide, there were an estimated 6,925,677 property crimes. As an FBI agent, you'll be thrust into the heart of a bustling city where crimes happen every day. Of arrestees for whom ethnicity was reported, 19.1 percent were Hispanic or Latino. Email Email. The following cities make the list: Mobile, Alabama Compared to other cities To do that, you'll need to ma An official website of the United States government. If you valued this article, please help us produce more journalism like this by making a contribution today. The following table of United States cities by crime rate is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports statistics from 2019 for the 100 most populous cities in America that have reported data to the FBI UCR system.[1]. 1 The figures are shown in this column for the offense of rape were reported using only the revised Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) definition of rape. According to the FBI, 63% of all police agencies in the country are using the NIBRS system; however, many of the big cities, like New York and Los Angeles, don't use NIBRS, which means their. The respective police department must share its data with the FBI. The UCR Program is working diligently to develop new ways to maximize data transparency while fulfilling our responsibility to protect the privacy of all individuals. The arrest rate for arson was 2.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. Surveys conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics suggest that more than 50 percent of violent crimes and around 70 percent of property crimes are never reported to police. (Because of rounding, numbers may not add to 100%.). [10,831 agencies; 2019 estimated population 229,735,355]. As expansion of the data collection continues to occur, more details will become available from federal agencies, and these impressions will become more sharply focused. (Hate crime arrests at the federal level by the FBI will be available in the annual Hate Crime Statistics report.). This section provides federal data in the form of the number of arrestees by FBI field offices. Consequently, they lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting communities and their residents. You Have 90 Percent More Learning to Do! This year, the issue of non-reporting is worse than its been in decades. List of United States cities by crime rate, "Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2017", "Table 08, Data Declaration - Crime in the United States 2019", Criminologists Condemn City crime rankings, "More crime in cities? Community Outreach Spotlight: COPTOBER Community Fair, Community Outreach Spotlight: Building Bridges. Community Outreach Spotlight: Team G.R.E.A.T. While the FBI has only reported agency-level data from 2022, both CCJ and AH Datalytics have released national findings from this year. Writing an article that claims Philadelphia is more dangerous than Houston may be a good way to get clicks, but comparing crime figures across jurisdictions can elide important differences in geography, demographics, and how various municipalities are structured and governed. When compared with the estimates from 2018, the estimated number of robbery offenses fell 4.7% and the estimated volume of rape (revised definition) offenses decreased 2.7%. Implemented to improve the overall quantity and quality of crime data collected by law enforcement, NIBRS captures more detailed information on each single crime occurrence. Birmingham Police Chief Scott Thurmond said that the website MoneyGeek skewed FBI crime data by adding a dollar value to crime to determine the "most violent" cities in the U.S., of which Mobile . Similarly, in 2014, an investigation by Chicago Magazine found that the Chicago Police Department had lowered the citys official murder rate by recording homicides as non-criminal deaths. Local agencies had until March 7, 2022 to submit data for the FBI's 2021 national crime report, so the final participation status may change. And, while distinct from the FBIs annual reporting, many cities, including Chicago and Baltimore, publish detailed data on crimes and police activity in real time. Some major cities will be absent from the data too. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. As a consequence, the overall numbers the FBI released at the national, regional, and state levels will be far less precise than usual, meaning its not possible to say for sure whether crime rose, fell, or stayed the same between 2020 and 2021. Arrests, by Race and Ethnicity, 2019 In 2019, 69.4 percent of all individuals arrested were White, 26.6 percent were Black or African American, and 4.0 percent were of other races. Perhaps most impactful on the federal numbers is the fact federal agencies often play a collaborative role with state and local agencies in crime investigations. Another major error media outlets make when reporting on crime statistics is aggregation. All crime data create some concerns regarding comparability. Officer Survival Spotlight: Accidental Deaths Among Law Enforcement Officers, Leadership Spotlight: Your Leadership Is Your Life Story (Part 1 of 2), Officer Survival Spotlight: Arrest Situations - Understanding the Dangers, Leadership Spotlight: Your Leadership Is Your Life Story (Part 2 of 2), Officer Survival Spotlight: Preventing Assaults - Assessing Offender Perceptions. Leadership Spotlight: What Works for You? The city's population also rose 6 percent over the same period, Almada said. While these data collections come with their own problems, digging deeper into FBI data can help reveal misallocations of police resources, such as departments that arrest thousands of people for low-level offenses while only solving a fraction of murder cases. Design/methodology/approach - The authors analyze the effect of state- and city-level licensing of massage therapists on crime and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases using data from the FBI Uniform Crime Reports from 1985-2013 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1993-2015. "[6], Crime rates per capita might also be biased by population size depending on the crime type. Below are crime statistics for Prostitution, according to the FBI's National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS), 2010-2011. . An official website of the United States government. The 2019 statistics show the estimated rate of violent crime was 366.7 offenses per 100,000 inhabitants, and the estimated rate of property crime was 2,109.9 offenses per 100,000 inhabitants. 5 The FBI determined that the agency's data were underreported. It is important to note that these estimated trends are not considered statistically significant by NIBRS estimation methods. The data user is, therefore, cautioned against comparing crime data of individual reporting units from states, metropolitan areas, cities, or colleges or universities solely on the basis of their population coverage or student enrollment. Often, one obtains very different results depending on whether crime rates are measured for the city jurisdiction or the metropolitan area.[2]. The program also collects arrest data for the offenses listed above and 20 offenses that include all other crimes except traffic violations. This leaves ample opportunity for departments to report inaccurate numbers, often intentionally. At this level of participation, the FBI releases national data as ratios and percentages in terms of the most frequently reported responses to questions (in list format without actual counts). [7] This misrepresentation occurs because rates per capita assume that crime increases at the same pace as the number of people in an area. New York City recorded about 500 homicides in 2020, compared with 319 in 2019, but both figures were far below the city's worst year, 1990, when there were more than 2,200. Metro Transit Police Department, Washington, D.C. Campbell County, Kentucky, Police Department, Jefferson County, Colorado, Sheriff's Office, Columbia County, Oregon, Sheriff's Department, Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, New Providence, New Jersey, Police Department, El Paso County, Texas, Sheriffs Department, Dorchester County, Maryland, Sheriffs Office, Anoka County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Wake Forest, North Carolina, Police Department, Georgetown, Massachusetts, Police Department, Sunapee, New Hampshire, Police Department, Virginia Division of Capitol Police, Richmond, Virginia, German Township (Montgomery County), Ohio, Police Department, Cle Elum-Roslyn-South Cle Elum, Washington, Police Department, Powder Springs, Georgia, Police Department, Lower Salford Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Oregon Department of Public Safety Standards and Training, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, Police Department, Fairfield, Connecticut, Police Department, Clearwater County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Baltimore County, Maryland, Sheriffs Office, Bradford, New Hampshire, Police Department, Hickory, North Carolina, Police Department, Somerville, Massachusetts, Police Department, New College of Florida and University of South Florida Sarasota-Manatee Campus Police, Central Arizona Project Protective Services Department, Summit County, Colorado, Sheriff's Department, Springfield Township (Montgomery County), Pennsylvania, Police Department, Columbia Heights, Minnesota, Police Department, Macomb County, Michigan, Sheriff's Office, Asheboro, North Carolina, Police Department, Henrico County, Virginia, Sheriff's Office, Apache Junction, Arizona, Police Department, Bowling Green, Kentucky, Police Department, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Clackamas County, Oregon, Sheriff's Office, National City, California, Police Department, Lacey Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Hennepin County, Minnesota, Sheriffs Office, Middletown, Connecticut, Police Department, Cottonwood, Alabama, Department of Public Safety, Edenton, North Carolina, Police Department, Wakefield, Massachusetts, Police Department, Piscataquis County, Maine, Sheriffs Office, Fernandina Beach, Florida, Police Department, Hermitage, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Houston, Texas, Memorial Villages Police Department, Woodbridge, Connecticut, Police Department, Bordentown Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Chowan County, North Carolina, Sheriffs Office, Las Vegas, Nevada, Metropolitan Police Department, Carroll, New Hampshire, Police Department, Boxford, Massachusetts, Police Department, Marshall County, Kentucky, Sheriffs Department, Elmira Heights, New York, Police Department, North Providence, Rhode Island, Police Department, Oakdale Borough, Pennsylvania, Police Department, LaSalle County, Illinois, Sheriff's Department, University of Connecticut Police Department, Minnetrista, Minnesota, Police Department, Manchester-by-the Sea, Massachusetts, Police Department, Durham, North Carolina, Police Department, Providence, Rhode Island, Police Department, Flagler Beach, Florida, Police Department, Upper Southampton Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Moraine Valley Community College Police Department, Gasconade County, Missouri, Sheriff's Department, Town of New Windsor, New York, Police Department, Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska, Sheriffs Office, Cornwall Borough, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Albuquerque, New Mexico, Public Schools Police Department, Fayette County, Georgia, Marshal's Office, Prince William County, Virginia, Police Department, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Police Department, Ambridge, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Santa Barbara, California, Police Department, Jefferson County, Missouri, Sheriffs Department, Manalapan Township, New Jersey, Police Department, Mount Morris, New York, Police Department, Shrewsbury, New Jersey, Police Department, North Syracuse, New York, Police Department, Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, Police Department, Quogue Village, New York, Police Department, Glencoe, Illinois, Department of Public Safety, Morgan Hill, California, Police Department, James City County, Virginia, Police Department, Southern Pines, North Carolina, Police Department, Stratford, Connecticut, Police Department, Ector County, Texas, Independent School District Police Department, Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife, Chilmark, Massachusetts, Police Department, St. Johns County, Florida, Sheriffs Office, Patton Township, Pennsylvania, Police Department, Onondaga County, New York, Sheriffs Office. New FBI Crime Data Shows Record Surge in Black-on-Black Homicide, and Increase in Anti-White Hate Crimes by Daily Veracity Staff September 29, 2021 4 minute read No comments According to newly published FBI crime data for 2021, murder rose by almost 30% in 2020 and is still rising in 2021. But the bureau switched the way it. No FEAR Act; Equal Opportunity; fbi federal bureau of investigation. Recently, the FBI released detailed data and estimates on over 11 million criminal offenses reported to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Programs National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) for 2021.1 In addition, information was shared viaThe Transition to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): A Comparison of 2020 and 2021 NIBRS Estimates2 and the 2021 Crime in the United States (CIUS) data.3. 18. While the aggregate estimated violent crime volume for the nation decreased 1% (from 1,326,600 in. Some of the factors that enter into the decision for federal agencies to pursue an investigation are the available evidence, the availability of resources at the local level, and, in the case of hate crime, statutory provisions that determine whether the U.S. Attorney will accept the case as a federal one. FBI.gov Contact Center Email updates. Perhaps most notoriously, in 2009, the NYPD detained Officer Adrian Schoolcraft in forced psychiatric hospitalization for six days after he blew the whistle on efforts to artificially lower the crime rate by discouraging victims from reporting crimes and misclassifying serious crimes as minor offenses. In most cases, the city and the reporting agency are identical. The FBI crime data shows that the number of arrests nationwide plummeted 24% in 2020, from the more than 10 million arrests made in 2019. There are 210 cities with 100,000 to 249,999 people in the FBI's Uniform Crime Report. This annual report was originally designed as a stepping-stone to finding ways to provide a similar transparency and access to federal crime data the UCR Program has brought to state, local, and tribal crime data for nearly 90 years. The publics perception of crime remains profoundly disconnected from actual crime rates, with the majority of Americans reporting that they believe crime has increased nearly every year between 1990 and 2020, according to Gallup opinion polling. 1 National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) Tables and NIBRS Estimation Tables, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Crime Data Explorer, accessed November 21, 2022, https://crime-data-explorer.app.cloud.gov/pages/downloads#nibrs-downloads.2 U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Criminal Justice Information Services Division, The Transition to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS): A Comparison of 2020 and 2021 NIBRS Estimates, 2022, https://crime-data-explorer.app.cloud.gov/pages/explorer/crime/nibrs-estimation.3 Crime in the United States Annual Reports, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting Program, Crime Data Explorer, accessed November 21, 2022, https://crime-data-explorer.fr.cloud.gov/pages/downloads. To provide a confident comparison of crime trends across the nation, the UCR Program analyzed NIBRS estimation data of violent and property crimes from 2020 and 2021. This list is based on burglary reports from the past five years. Of juveniles arrested for drug abuse violations, 74.8 percent were White. Instead, theyre requiring agencies to use the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), a more sophisticated approach to tabulating crime data that tracks an expanded list of offenses and includes more detailed information about each individual criminal incident, such as the property value of goods stolen in a theft. This annual report was originally designed as a stepping-stone to finding ways to provide a similar transparency and access to federal crime data the UCR Program has brought to state, local,. (Data on San Francisco crime trends will, of course, remain available directly from the city, but not in the . The 2022 first quarter data reported to the FBI for January to March 2022 was also released today. The NYPD maintains statistical data which is used as a management tool in reducing crime, improving procedures and training, and providing transparency to the public and government oversight agencies. 2 The FBI does not publish arson data unless it receives data from either the agency or the state for all 12 months of the calendar year. Nearly 40 percent didnt submit any data at all. White individuals were arrested more often for violent crimes than individuals of any other race and accounted for 59.1 percent of those arrests. These agencies reported that, as of October 31, 2019, they collectively employed 697,195 sworn officers and 306,075 civiliansa rate of 3.5 employees per 1,000 inhabitants. In use-of-force incidents, officers most often encountered individuals who failed to comply with verbal commands or other types of passive resistance. Police must accurately record the crime in their internal database. By gender, 72.6% were male; and 27.4% were female. Leadership Spotlight: Hey, Did You Hear About? White juveniles comprised 50.3 percent of all juveniles arrested for violent crimes, and Black or African American juveniles accounted for 46.4 percent of juveniles arrested for violent crimes. Leadership Spotlight: You Cannot Lead from Behind Your Desk, Leadership Spotlight: Believe in Your Own Leadership, Leadership Spotlight: Build Bridges, Not Dams - Performance Evaluations, Officer Survival Spotlight: Lessons Learned from Critical Encounters, Leadership Spotlight: Emotional Triggers in Decision Making, Officer Survival Spotlight: Wide-Reaching Benefits of Law Enforcement Training, Officer Survival Spotlight: National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial, Leadership Spotlight: Lunchtime Learning Seminars - Benefits and Steps to Get Started, Officer Survival Spotlight: Speed and Seatbelts, Leadership Spotlight: Humility - A Leadership Trait That Gets Results, Officer Survival Spotlight: Officer Perception and Assault Prevention, Leadership Spotlight: The Legacy of a Leader, Officer Survival Spotlight: By the Numbers - Turning LEOKA Data into Training Opportunities, Officer Survival Spotlight: Much More Than a Job - Creating a Lasting Tribute. Police have been manipulating crime data for as long as this data has existed. The number of homicides could triple and the overall crime rate would barely budge. Metro Special Police Department, Washington, D.C. New Taipei City, Taiwan, Police Department, Radford City, Virginia, Police Department, River Vale, New Jersey, Police Department, Port St. Lucie, Florida, Police Department, Northern York County, Pennsylvania, Regional Police Department, Lancaster City, Pennsylvania, Bureau of Police, Missing Person: Amber Lynn Wilde - Green Bay, Wisconsin, Missing Person: Joan M. Rebar - Meriden, Kansas, Unidentified Person: John Doe - Apache Junction, Arizona, Missing Person: Helen Irene Tucker - Tacoma, Washington, Missing Person: Debra Kay King - Tacoma, Washington, Missing Person: Simone Ridinger - Sherborn, Massachusetts, Homicide Victim: Santana Acosta - Phoenix, Arizona, Unidentified Person: John Doe - Arcadia, Florida, Missing Person: Richard Luther Ingram - Fort Lewis, Washington, Missing Person: Kelsie Jean Schelling - Pueblo, Colorado, Missing Person: Jennifer L. Wilson - Derby Kansas, Unidentified Person: Jane Doe - Marion County, Missouri, Unidentified Person: John Doe - Grant County, Kentucky, Unidentified Person: Jane Doe - Naples, Florida, Unidentified Person: Jane Doe - Pike National Forest, Colorado, Missing Person: William Gary Morris - Nashville, Tennessee, Unidentified Person: Jane Doe - Cameron Parish, Louisiana, Unidentified Person: John Doe - Needville, Texas, Unidentified Person: Jane Doe - Glennie, Michigan, Unidentified Person: John Doe - Wickenburg, Arizona, Missing Person: David Emerson, Jr. - Snyder, Texas, Missing Person: Gregory Keith Mann, Jr. - Wichita Falls, Texas, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2010, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2011, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2012, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October/November 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2013, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2014, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2015, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2016, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2017, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2018, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2019, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2020, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2021, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - March 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - April 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - August 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - September 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - October 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - November 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - December 2022, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - January 2023, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin - February 2023.